Towards the management of field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) and hedge bindweed (Calystegia sepium) with fungal pathogens and cover crops
نویسندگان
چکیده
The bindweeds Calystegia sepium and Convolvulus arvensis are difficult to control chemically. Calystegia sepium is often a problem in maize or in vineyards, while C. arvensis is an important weed of cereals. The biological control of these weeds with insects or fungal pathogens has been investigated since 1970. More than 600 fungi collected in countries throughout Europe have been isolated in our laboratories. The isolates with the highest and most stable pathogenicity against bindweed belong to the genus Stagonospora. In a field trial in maize in 1995, one of these Stagonospora isolates stopped the increase of ground coverage by the bindweeds. In response to public concern about environmental problems caused by modern agriculture, new cropping systems are being developed. Underseeding maize with a living green cover achieves good control of a large spectrum of the weed flora typical of conventional tillage systems. However, C. sepium and C. arvensis remain as problems. The research reported shows that C. sepium is partly suppressed by the green cover, but escapes control by climbing the stems of the maize plants. Therefore, the application of spores of Stagonospora sp. in a maize field underseeded with a living green cover may allow a large or a complete reduction of the herbicide input and promote a more sustainable agriculture.
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